A Complete Guide to DB2 Universal Database

DB2 Universal Database (UDB) supports many different types of applications, on many different kinds of data, in many different software and hardware environments.This book provides a complete guide to DB2 UDB Version 5 in all its aspects, including the interfaces that support end users, application developers, and database administrators. It is complementary to the IBM product documentation, providing a clear and informal explanation of how the features of DB2 were intended to be used. It is an extensive revision of the author’s earlier book, Using the New DB2: IBM’s Object-Relational Database System.

1. Introduction 1.1 About This Book 1.1.1 Notational Conventions 1.1.2 Syntax Diagrams 1.1.3 Examples 1.1.4 Tips 1.2 Product Overview 1.2.1 UDB Clients and Servers 1.2.2 Related Products 1.2.3 Instances and Databases 1.2.4 Interactive Tools 1.2.5 Application Programs 1.2.6 Dynamic Applications 1.2.7 Stored Procedures 1.2.8 User Roles 1.3 A Brief History of SQL 1.3.1 System R 1.3.2 Products and Standards 1.3.3 Some Controversial Decisions 1.3.4 References 2. Basics 2.1 Tables 2.1.1 Example Database 2.2 Names and Schemas 2.3 Basic SQL Datatypes 2.4 Queries 2.4.1 Expressions 2.4.2 Datetime Arithmetic 2.4.3 Casting 2.4.4 Search Conditions 2.4.5 Joins 2.4.6 Column Functions 2.4.7 Grouping 2.4.8 Query Blocks 2.4.9 Queries and Literal Tables 2.4.10 SELECT Statement 2.4.11 VALUES Statement 2.4.12 SQLCODE and SQLSTATE 2.5 Data Modification 2.5.1 INSERT Statement 2.5.2 UPDATE Statement 2.5.3 DELETE Statement 2.6 Data Definition 2.6.1 Creating a Table 2.6.2 Altering a Table 2.6.3 Renaming a Table 2.6.4 Creating an Alias 2.6.5 Creating a View 2.6.6 Creating an Index 2.6.7 Creating a Schema 2.6.8 Dropping an Object 2.6.9 Commenting on an Object 2.6.10 Normalization 2.7 Protecting Data Consistency 2.7.1 Transactions 2.7.2 Database Connections 2.8 Authorization 2.8.1 Instance-Level Authorities 2.8.2 Database-Level Authorities 2.8.3 Table and View Privileges 2.8.4 Index Privileges 2.8.5 Schema Privileges 2.8.6 Package Privileges 2.8.7 GRANT and REVOKE Statements 2.8.8 Authorization Checking 3. Interactive SQL 3.1 DB2 Tools 3.1.1 The Command Center 3.1.2 The Script Center 3.1.3 The Journal 3.1.4 The Information Center 3.2 The Command Line Processor 3.2.1 Command Options 3.3 Interactive Commands 3.3.1 Controlling Isolation Level 3.3.2 Controlling Connection Type 3.3.3 Getting Help 3.3.4 Comments 4. Static SQL 4.1 Using Static SQL in C Programs 4.1.1 Host Variables 4.1.2 The SQL Declare Section 4.1.3 Exchanging Double-Byte Strings 4.1.4 Return Codes and Messages 4.1.5 WHENEVER Statement 4.1.6 Cursor Declarations 4.1.7 OPEN Statement 4.1.8 FETCH Statement 4.1.9 CLOSE Statement 4.1.10 Single-Row SELECT and VALUES Statements 4.1.11 Positioned UPDATE and DELETE Statements 4.1.12 Using Cursors with Interactive SQL 4.1.13 Compound SQL 4.1.14 Example Program PARTS1: Ordering Parts 4.2 Using Static SQL in C++ Programs 4.3 Building an Application Program 4.3.1 Precompiling a Program 4.3.2 Rebinding a Package 5. Query Power 5.1 CASE Expressions 5.1.1 Simple Form 5.1.2 General Form 5.1.3 RAISE_ERROR Function 5.1.4 NULLIF and COALESCE Functions 5.2 Subqueries 5.2.1 Scalar Subqueries 5.2.2 Table Expressions 5.3 Table Functions 5.4 Explicit Joins . 5.5 Extended FROM Clause 5.6 Super Groups 5.6.1 ROLLUP 5.6.2 CUBE 5.6.3 Grouping Sets 5.6.4 Multiple Grouping Specifications 5.7 Common Table Expressions 5.8 Recursion 5.8.1 Recursion with Computation 5.8.2 Recursive Searching 6. Datatypes and Functions 6.1 Large Objects 6.1.1 Creating LOB Columns 6.1.2 Declaring Large-Object Variables in C and C++ 6.1.3 Locators 6.1.4 File References 6.1.5 Limitations of LOB Datatypes 6.1.6 Example Program SCHOLAR: Processing Scholarship Applications 6.2 Distinct Types 6.2.1 Creating Distinct Types 6.2.2 Casting Functions 6.2.3 Using Distinct Types 6.2.4 Assigning Distinct Types 6.3 Function Path 6.3.1 SET CURRENT FUNCTION PATH Statement 6.4 User-Defined Functions 6.4.1 Creating a Sourced Function 6.4.2 Creating an External Scalar Function 6.4.3 Function Resolution 6.4.4 Implementing an External Scalar Function 6.4.5 Installing an External Function 6.4.6 Using Locators with External Functions 6.4.7 Scratchpad Functions 6.4.8 Table Functions 6.4.9 Using External Functions with Distinct Types 6.4.10 Writing an External Function in Java 6.4.11 External Functions and OLE Automation 6.4.12 Dropping a Function 6.4.13 Commenting on a Function 6.5 Steps Toward Objects 6.5.1 Example: A Polygon Datatype 6.6 Datatype Conversions 6.6.1 Promotion of Function Arguments 6.6.2 UNION Semantics 6.6.3 Assignment 6.6.4 Casting 7. Active Data 7.1 Constraints 7.1.1 NOT NULL Constraints 7.1.2 Column Defaults 7.1.3 Unique Constraints 7.1.4 Check Constraints 7.1.5 Primary Key Constraints 7.1.6 Foreign Key Constraints 7.2 Creating and Dropping Constraints 7.2.1 CREATE TABLE Statement 7.2.2 ALTER TABLE Statement 7.3 Triggers 7.3.1 Creating and Dropping Triggers 7.3.2 Assignment Statement 7.3.3 SIGNAL Statement 7.3.4 Before Triggers 7.3.5 After Triggers 7.3.6 Recursive Triggers 7.3.7 Comparing Constraints and Triggers 7.3.8 Interactions Among Constraints and Triggers 7.4 Designing an Active Database 7.5 Binding and Dependencies 7.5.1 Conservative Binding Semantics 7.5.2 Types of Dependencies 8. Dynamic SQL 8.1 Call Level Interface 8.1.1 Handles 8.1.2 Configuring CLI 8.1.3 Summary of CLI Functions 8.1.4 Typed Parameter Markers 8.1.5 Example Program LOADER1 8.1.6 Example Program QUERY1 8.2 Using Dynamic SQL with Java 8.2.1 JDBC Applications 8.2.2 Example Program LOADER2 8.2.3 JDBC Applets 8.3 Embedded Dynamic SQL 8.3.1 Embedded Dynamic Statements 8.3.2 Example Program LOADER3 8.3.3 The SQLDA Descriptor 8.3.4 Using an SQLDA in a PREPARE or DESCRIBE Statement 8.3.5 Using an SQLDA in an OPEN, FETCH, EXECUTE, or CALL Statement 8.3.6 Example Program QUERY3 9. Stored Procedures 9.1 The Server Side 9.1.1 Example Program SERVER1: A Stored Procedure for a Bank 9.1.2 Rules for Implementing Stored Procedures 9.1.3 Installing a Stored Procedure 9.1.4 Writing a Stored Procedure in Java 9.1.5 Writing a Stored Procedure in BASIC 9.2 The Client Side 9.2.1 The CALL Statement . . . 589 9.2.2 Calling a Stored Procedure from a CLI Client 9.2.3 Result Sets 10. Database Administration 10.1 Databases and Physical Space 10.1.1 Tablespaces and Bufferpools 10.1.2 Creating and Dropping Databases 10.1.3 Where’s the Data? 10.2 Parallel Databases 10.2.1 Intra-Partition Parallelism 10.2.2 Inter-Partition Parallelism 10.2.3 Reconfiguring a Parallel System 10.3 The Control Center 10.3.1 Systems (General) 10.3.2 Systems (Specific) 10.3.3 Instances (General) 10.3.4 Instances (Specific) 10.3.5 Databases (General) 10.3.6 Databases (Specific) 10.3.7 Objects Within Databases 10.4 The Client Configuration Assistant 10.5 Commands 10.5.1 Managing Instances 10.5.2 The Profile Registry 10.5.3 The Administration Server 10.5.4 Other Operating System-Level Commands 10.5.5 UDB Commands 10.6 Managing Database Recovery 10.6.1 Types of Recovery 10.6.2 Recovery Commands 10.6.3 Using the Journal for Recovery 10.7 Moving Data in Bulk 10.7.1 File Formats 10.7.2 Exporting Data 10.7.3 Importing Data 10.7.4 Loading Data 10.7.5 Check Pending State 10.7.6 Loading a Partitioned Database 10.8 Tuning for Performance 10.8.1 Controlling the Optimizer 10.8.2 Statistics 10.8.3 Reorganizing Tables 10.8.4 Explaining a Plan 10.9 Monitoring the Database 10.9.1 The Snapshot Monitor 10.9.2 Event Monitors Appendix A: Special Registers Appendix B: Functions B.1 Column Functions B.2 Scalar Functions B.3 Operators B.3.1 Prefix Operators B.3.2 Infix Operators Appendix C: Typecodes Appendix D: System Catalog Tables D.1 SYSCAT Catalog Views D.1.1 BUFFERPOOLNODES D.1.2 BUFFERPOOLS D.1.3 CHECKS D.1.4 COLAUTH D.1.5 COLCHECKS D.1.6 COLDIST D.1.7 COLUMNS D.1.8 CONSTDEP D.1.9 DATATYPES D.1.10 DBAUTH D.1.11 EVENTMONITORS D.1.12 EVENTS D.1.13 FUNCPARMS D.1.14 FUNCTIONS D.1.15 INDEXAUTH D.1.16 INDEXES D.1.17 KEYCOLUSE D.1.18 NODEGROUPDEF D.1.19 NODEGROUPS D.1.20 PACKAGEAUTH D.1.21 PACKAGEDEP D.1.22 PACKAGES D.1.23 PARTITIONMAPS D.1.24 PROCEDURES D.1.25 PROCPARMS D.1.26 REFERENCES D.1.27 SCHEMAAUTH D.1.28 SCHEMATA D.1.29 STATEMENTS D.1.30 TABAUTH D.1.31 TABCONST D.1.32 TABLES D.1.33 TABLESPACES D.1.34 TRIGDEP D.1.35 TRIGGERS D.1.36 VIEWDEP D.1.37 VIEWS D.2 SYSSTAT Updatable Catalog Views D.2.1 COLDIST D.2.2 COLUMNS D.2.3 FUNCTIONS D.2.4 INDEXES D.2.5 TABLES Appendix E: Syntax for Host Variable Declarations in C and C++ E.1 Basic Datatypes E.1.1 Numeric Host Variables E.1.2 String Host Variables E.2 Large-Object Datatypes E.2.1 LOB Host Variables E.2.2 Locators and File References Appendix F: IBM Publications F.1 Platform-Independent Publications F.2 Platform-Specific Publications